Leadership Theories and the Bible Essay -- Papers Leading

Hypotheses of Leadership Initiative is the capacity of an individual to impact individuals toward the fulfillment of a specific objective. Authority is a people, dislike managerial paper rearranging or critical thinking. It is a unique power and includes the utilization of intensity. Out of the powers of authority come four incredible qualities: strong, mandate, participative, and accomplishment arranged initiative. In spite of the fact that these kinds of qualities are not viewed as instilled character characteristics, they reflect sorts of conduct each pioneer can receive contingent upon the circumstance. The strong position of authority includes demonstrating worry for subordinates' prosperity and individual needs. This kind of initiative conduct is open, agreeable, and congenial. The individual who has this sort of authority attribute would have the option to made a group atmosphere and treats subordinates as equivalents. They proceed onward a higher plain of trust. By looking for and discovering bolster structure his subordinates, the steady head shows his reliability and honesty. He can be on occasion open to change. Strong pioneers have a serious extent of passionate knowledge which means having a profound comprehension of one?s feelings, qualities, shortcomings, needs and drives. The steady head will have the option to perceive these attributes in his subordinates since he has them too. In the scriptural sense, Two are better than one since they have a decent compensation for their difficult work. For in the event that one of them should fall, the other one can raise his accomplice up. In any case, in what manner will it be with simply the person who falls when there isn't another to raise him up, Eccesiastes 4:9-10. God needs us to show worry for one another and give bolster when required. These two p... ...en in Israel like Moses, whom the master realized eye to eye, who did each one of those marvelous signs and ponders the Lord sent him to do in Egypt ? to Pharaoh and to every one of his authorities and to his entire land. For nobody has ever indicated the relentless powers or played out the great deeds that Moses did in seeing all Israel.? This obviously shows God doesn't need us to harp on fiscal prizes. He needs us to impart and lead on a higher arrangement and not harp on what?s in it for me. God ought to be our prize. Provided that we live for God, we will doubtlessly be an untouchable to other people. Each of the four kinds of authorities have there a lot of high points and low points. None of them are truly obvious. There are disadvantages in an initiative. In any case, in the event that you put God first in everything that you do, you will have a more noteworthy possibility for progress, and conceivably the regard you merit.

Cultural Autobiography Essay

My name is Hanan Hassan, and I was conceived in September 21, 1992 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. I am the oldest of nine youngsters that comprise of four young ladies including me and five young men. To a great many people I am a standard twenty-one year old who works and goes to class, however what the vast majority don’t know is that I’m fundamentally the second mother of my family unit. Despite the fact that my mom is perfectly healthy, I was educated at a youthful age to assume liability and to be capable like a grown-up. In addition to the fact that I take care of my kin, yet I cook and clean and do everything my mom does, on the grounds that I was raised to do those things effectively without grumble. Any individual who isn’t part of my family/companions would take a gander at my life and think I have no opportunity. Be that as it may, the manner in which I was raised instructed me to be a grown-up, yet behave. At the point when I glance back at the previous yea rs, I was brought up in three distinct societies. My entire life comprises of being brought up in three unique societies, however above all, the way of life I was naturally introduced to is the one that I relate to the most. I state that on the grounds that that’s who I am, and I am a Somali local. Despite the fact that I have an alternate broadly, my ethnicity is the kind of person I am. For the most part, individuals these days can't separate between the two. My nationality is the place I was conceived in, and my ethnicity is the sort of person I am. As a youngster I battled with both. I experienced childhood in a town loaded with Arabs, and the main Somalians I really collaborated with were my family. Regardless, on the off chance that you don’t think a lot about your personality, you go into this emergency mode. Until I came to America, all I knew was that I was a Muslim and Somalian. There’s this need to know what your identity is, and where you originate from, and consistently you discover some new information about your character. At the point when I came to America, there was a colossal culture stun. For example strictly, I experienced childhood in nations where there was a mosque in each couple of squares, and here the inverse were holy places. Wherever I looked was a congregation. It was a finished diverse climate. In the Muslim nations, when i t was the ideal opportunity for petition, you would have the option to hear the whole mosques on the double calling everybody to ask. Furthermore, it was peculiar not having the option to hear the call for petition time. Yet, as month and years passed, I’ve become acclimated to not hearing that. Not exclusively was not hearing the call to supplication unique, however occasions didn’t have a similar impact as they used to. In the United States, when it’s turns winter, the merriments of the special seasons start. I don’t evenâ celebrate Christmas, however when wherever you take a gander at is lit up for Christmas, you feel some portion of a network. Since everybody around you is praising every one of these occasions, you feel just as you’re part of it. At whatever point Eid comes around, it doesn’t feel a similar route as it did with regards to when I was a kid. For example, when it was Ramadan time in Saudi Arabia, everybody used to get together to have large eats. Individuals would consistently keep awake until late and sit tight for the call of supplication, with the goal that everybody can begin fasting once more. Additionally, shops would close early when the time had come to eat. Families and companions would praise the entire month together, and go to the mosque together. Not exclusively was everybody up, the entire city would be improved and youngsters would get blessings and monies from the seniors, and it was only a delightful time to be a child. At the point when you think about the American culture and the ones I experienced childhood in as a kid, they are totally unique. The manner in which we dress here, eat, family, religion, and everything else is unique. For example, in Saudi Arabia, the way of life there is for ladies to conceal. Ladies are secured from head to toe. Greater part of it is on the grounds that the Saudi culture is affected by religion, though in America everything is by decision. Our ladies in America have the decision to cover or not, and in Saudi Arabia, if ladies are not secured, there are results to pay. As youngster, I had the option to wear anything I desired, on the grounds that I was not a lady yet. I recall ladies not having the option to drive, only for the way that they’re ladies. Men had the option to do anything they needed, while ladies for the most part remained at home. For the most part, ladies remained at home and dealt with the relatives. They did all the cleaning and cooking, w hile the man went to work and did the entirety of the outside work. In addition to the fact that women stayed home, they were additionally not permitted to drive, which was a culture stun when I saw ladies driving in America and Egypt. I never truly comprehended with regards to why ladies couldn’t drive a vehicle, yet it was unlawful for them to do that. Ladies don’t have a lot of state there, in light of the fact that the Saudi government blames religion so as to limit the entirety of the rights ladies have. They state a lady shouldn’t drive, since her significant other ought to have the option to take her to any place she satisfies, however the truth is nobody is eager. Moreover the issue wasn’t simply the covering part; the issue was women’s rights being mistreated. Furthermore, when you’ve lived in a domain like that it’s difficult to become acclimated to another culture that built up opportunity among each person. Also, the way of life I was brought up in requiredâ me to conceal and to regard myself and the others around me. Both of my societies are two societies that vigorously depend on religion. Once in a while it’s difficult to isolate what the relig ion requires and what your way of life requires. Albeit, presently some think both are one in the equivalent, however individuals decipher every one in an unexpected way. At the end of the day, individuals put religion and culture in a similar class. For instance, my family is exceptionally traditionalist. Both of my folks originate from exacting families who pay attention to religion very. Thinking back to the 1980s and 1990s, religion was beginning to create in Somalia. At the point when my mom was thirteen years of age, individuals used to wear ragged materials that essentially show cased their entire body. What's more, my grandma used to have her hair out in an afro as wells as wearing jeans. Around then, individuals didn’t reprimand ladies for spending time with their male companions. It was anything but a serious deal in the way of life. For this undertaking I met my mom, who as I got more established, helped me become familiar with my way of life. At whatever point my mom would reveal to me accounts of her youngster years, I would consistently gripe concerning why she was so critical of how I dressed. In the meeting, she disclosed to me that individuals didn’t think a lot about religion back when my grandma was youthful. So there weren’t that numerous standa rds to implement upon them, not at all like us who are a lot of taught about religion. As my mom proceeded and spoke progressively about our way of life, I understood that my way of life is affected a ton by religion, however that doesn’t fundamentally imply that each angle about the way of life originates from religion. Likewise, the school I went to, my neighbors, and everything that encompassed me comprised of religion. For example, during the weekdays I went to class, and during the ends of the week I went to another school that was a strict report. Other than the American culture, what ties many individuals to their way of life is religion, in light of the fact that I’ve learned throughout the years that a ton of societies are severe in light of the fact that they combine their religion and culture; with the goal that it gets simpler for them to deal with. Most importantly, when I came to America, I immediately figured out how to move between the way of life I was brought up in and the way of life that encompassed me. I’ve figured out how to o versee between both, so I don’t overlook my foundations, yet still figure out how to remain in the one I came into. It’s extreme keeping up between both, in light of the fact that they’re both so totally unique. In the American culture, I figured out how to be autonomous and to voice my suppositions, with the goal that I can carry on with the existence I need. Conversely, in my way of life, I wouldn’t have the option to voice out myâ opinion so effectively and transparently. Basically, thinking back in my life, I understood that the way of life I was brought up in have formed my life and made me the individual I am today. In spite of the fact that there are numerous things that I for one don’t concur with in each culture, toward the end there the explanation I have developed away from any confining influence mined person I am. Each culture has its positives and negatives. In the Saudi culture, I learned obligation at a youthful age, however it was an exercise all around learned, in light of the fact that you don’t see a great deal of twenty-one year olds who are so mindful of their life and the decisions they make. In addition, I discovered that being multicultural shows you and offers you the chance to take a gander at life in an unexpected way. The vast majority experience childhood in one culture, and they just have the perspectives they’re introduced to them. In any case, moving around, instructed me that there are different approaches to take a gander at this world. Each culture has a feeling on how this world should work, and having the option to speak to barely any societies offers me the chance to voice out a supposition that has some foundation roots to it. I not just speak to the way of life I was naturally introduced to, yet I speak to that ones I was raised into. I’m multicultural instructed, however I’m additionally multilingual. Being raised and investigating different societies likewise allowed me to communicate in more than one language. Moreover, I communicate in three dialects: Arabic, English, and Somali. Throughout the years, I’ve battled with making sense of who I am, on the grounds that not at all like every other person I didn’t experience childhood in one spot. That may appear to be a drawback, however I picked up qualities and exercises that I can convey for an incredible duration. I increased social experience between the way of life, and I increased strict information, and in conclusion I picked up how to speak with people outside my way of life. With the entirety of that, I picked up the information on knowing who I am, and where I’m from. We don’t realize how attached where are to our foundations and ethnicities until you figure out how to investigate different societies around you. There are individuals around us that are so close disapproved of the world, and what it offers

Establishing a Winning Corporate Strategy

Establishing a Winning Corporate Strategy “Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other” â€" John F. Kennedy.Walking into the office of most business executives, the keen observer may notice a trend: bookshelves filled with management guides, motivational marketing books and leadership manuals. There is a common ground among successful leaders: they are constantly learning. The business leader who truly wants to grow their business will most likely seek advice and help from those who have successfully navigated the road.Most business development books agree: to remain competitive in the marketplace, a successful company must develop a corporate strategy. A recent online search for books about corporate strategy resulted in 36,598 titles available from an internet retailer. While it is always a good idea to brush up on leadership skills and ideas, it isn’t feasible to wade through thousands of books â€" at least not if one wants to remain in a leadership position. Want to develop a corporate strategy but donâ €™t want the hassle of trying to find a book that will help? © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, we look at 1) defining corporate strategy, 2) why you need a corporate strategy, 3) components needed to develop a unique strategy, 4) the strategy framework â€" a look from all sides, and 5) famous strategy frameworks.DEFINING CORPORATE STRATEGYMany times, corporations develop what they call ‘Corporate Strategies”, but are disappointed with lackluster results and dismal returns. Before developing a corporate strategy, it is important to understand what a corporate strategy is, as well as what a corporate strategy isn’t.Corporate strategy is often confused with other key elements of business planning. According to the dictionary, strategy is defined as the “careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal usually over a long period of time”. With that definition in mind, consider what a corporate strategy is not.A corporate strategy is NOT a mission statement. The mission (or vision) of your company may guide the dire ction of your strategy, but simply composing a short paragraph about what the company intends to do will not propel your company to success.A corporate strategy is NOT a business plan. Laying out a series of steps for financial success is important, but a corporate strategy entails more than financial guidelines.   Well-developed corporate strategy will produce the framework for a business plan, but encompasses much more.A corporate strategy is NOT a list of short term goals, although it may include elements of immediate action items. It is more than simply maintaining the current market trends, and involves careful consideration of the danger of mediocrity.A winning corporate strategy is a set of key choices that can generate success. It is specific guidelines that a company can use to reach target customers, maintain an edge over competitors and increase their bottom line. Establishing a long term corporate strategy gives businesses more than a vision; it gives the tools to make t he vision a reality. An effective corporate strategy is both static and fluid: the ultimate result is defined, but the path to get there may change as needed. Developing a winning corporate strategy takes collaboration, time and effort. If it were easy, though, everyone would do it. Lead, don’t follow â€" establish a corporate strategy and jump ahead of the competition.WHY YOU NEED A CORPORATE STRATEGYUnderstanding corporate strategy is important. Equally as important is the understanding of why you need one. Consider a business as a jigsaw puzzle. The mission â€" or vision â€" of the company is the picture on the box. The outside edge, with the straight sides, is the framework of the company. The middle of the puzzle is filled with the details: the daily operation of the business.   A completed puzzle? Success; both intrinsic and extrinsic. Take away any of the puzzle parts and it doesn’t work. If the box is missing, it is hard to know how to fit the pieces together.   Having a box but missing pieces creates gaps and lessens the end result. The middle of the puzzle with no outside edge can lead to a misshapen, poorly formed picture. You need all of the elements of the puzzle to successfully create a picture.In the same way, you need all of the elements of a business: a business plan, a company vision, well-defined corporate structure, as well as a corporate strategy to keep it all together.   A winning corporate strategy brings all of the elements of a business together, and gives them a purpose, similarly to the box that the puzzle comes in. By combining all the elements of a business within the framework of a corporate strategy, a company can maximize success.Evaluating top companies across a variety of markets reveals that having a clear corporate strategy is often the difference between an average company and a winning company. The art of business is often referred to as a game. Winning coaches are typically questioned about the strategy they employed to win the game, and their plan is mimicked by others who want to capitalize on their success in hopes of realizing their own. For any company wishing to ‘win’ the business game, developing a successful corporate strategy requires several key elements.COMPONENTS NEEDED TO DEVELOP A UNIQUE STRATEGY © Entrepreneurial InsightsCompany Identity: How will you know if you win?Before engaging in the game of business, a company must evaluate their own identity. While it may seem obvious, the first element in a winning corporate strategy is to determine what winning looks like. A careful self-evaluation of the company will develop answers to several key questions. The development or inclusion of a company mission statement or vision will be part of the company identity. Answering the question ‘What does our company want to do?’ helps to define the framework of a strategy. Concrete goals that can be measured are an important piece of knowing what winning looks like.Market Placement: Where are you going to play?After determining what winning looks like for your particular company, you must evaluate, ‘Where is the best place to play?’ Understanding your goal (what winning looks like) will help determine where to best meet that goal. If your goal is to be the leading provider of ru nning shoes for women, the market for your product will be vastly different from a company who markets luxury accessories. While the customers may be all women, the market is not the same. Establishing the specific areas where you can excel (as well as knowing where you won’t) is important in a corporate strategy.Company Capabilities: How are you going to win?Identifying the strengths of the company, as well as the plan for company growth must be clearly defined. A company that has a top-notch distribution system will outplay a company that struggles with production and delivery if they capitalize on their abilities. Companies that want to lead the technology market should have a strong research and development department to stay ahead of the competition. Evaluate the company for the areas that it excels in. Does it support the goals and placement of the company? Maximizing the capabilities of the company will help ensure success, and will shed light on the areas that need improvi ng or outsourcing.Management Issues: What will it take to win?Once a goal has been established, evaluate the company to determine if it has the necessary structure and management to reach it. What does the company need to reach the market its chosen and what does it need to stay there? If the goal is global, does the company have an established distribution channel? Is there a workable solution for ordering and shipping? Can the company support multiple warehouses? Consider the equipment needed to play and evaluate if the company has what it needs.Evaluating the components of a corporate strategy cannot be done as a checklist effectively. Working through the components will require re-evaluation, altering, re-considering and ultimately moving from one component to another until they all fit together correctly. The goal may be to be a global leader, but the company may not be operating in the global marketplace. Similarly, the distribution channels may be excellent but a lack of mana gement may render it ineffective. Aligning the components until a clear corporate strategy emerges will require some time and effort.THE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK â€" A LOOK FROM ALL SIDESA winning corporate strategy has the potential to thrust a company to the forefront of its market. By utilizing both long and short term objectives, a corporate strategy can remain true to the ultimate goal (winning) but can change in the market (where to play) and process (how to win). Once a strategy has been developed, there are four essential steps to putting it to work.PositioningUsing the strategy to establish a position in the market will increase a company’s chance at success. It takes into account the end goal, as well as the current state of the company. By clearly defining the process needed to win, a company has an accurate picture of where they are in the market.ExecutionA corporate strategy is a waste of time, effort and money if it isn’t put to use. Executing the strategy in an efficien t and timely manner will not only help the company succeed, but will help to determine the validity of the plan. Execution of a corporate strategy requires buy-in by management and staff. This process can be difficult if the corporate strategy has changed, or if the means to the goal is changing, but is essential for the success of the company. Often, company officials choose to maintain the status quo in an effort to avoid stress, but this method will only hinder the company’s success.AdaptationA corporate strategy must be fluid. While the overall goal should not change, the means to reach that goal will change as technology advances, the market changes or other factors that will improve or alter the process. Being flexible with the ‘how to win’ portion of the strategy is important.ConcentrationThe overall success of a corporate strategy can be seen in more than a financial spreadsheet. A company that truly has maximized a corporate strategy has clear, concentrated goals.   T he road to those goals is clear and the company is constantly updating and improving their place in the market, while remaining true to the strategy framework.FAMOUS STRATEGY FRAMEWORKSUnderstanding a few of the common frameworks will help establish a winning corporate strategy for your business. © Walter KiechelSWOTA quick analysis of a company environment, SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Based on a general evaluation of both internal and external company operations, the SWOT framework is a very brief look at a company. Internally, the company evaluates both strengths and weaknesses. Externally, it considers the opportunities it has in the market as well as the threat of competitors. This method is useful when trying to find ways to make the two viewpoints work together.Value ChainA series of processes from development to service, the value chain tracks a company’s ability to generate a profit. By adding value efficiently, a company can increase profit. The value chain moves from inbound logistics (acquiring raw materials), through operations, into outbound logistics (moving products to market), out to marketing and sales and finally to service. Often considered a supply and demand scale, the value chain gives companies a look at their pr ocesses versus profits.Generic Competitive AdvantagesThe framework for generic competitive advantages can be applied by almost any company, in any market. There are three basic strategies that a company can use to be successful, according to this framework.   By establishing an advantage in cost leadership, differentiation and focus, a company can pull ahead of the competition. Cost leadership maximizes on offering the lowest price in the marketplace. This requires careful attention to market prices and processes. Differentiation positions a company to highlight the unique characteristics that the market wants. Focus tailors the company to a specific, often narrow, field within the marketplace.Portfolio TheoryThe mathematically-based Portfolio Theory gives companies a formula for evaluating, managing and minimizing risk. By looking at asset allocations, a company can evaluate the potential for risk against the possible reward.Porter’s Five Forces © Entrepreneurial InsightsBased on the five forces that work against a company, Michael Porter’s Five Forces gives companies a closer look at the opposition. The five forces include: rivalry, supplier power, threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants and buyer power. Understanding the potential behind each force will help companies position themselves for success, as well as give an edge over the competition. Finding the appropriate strategy to leverage a company’s strengths can change based on the current force at play.

Evaluation of an RFP from the Homeland Security Department

Abstract: This paper evaluates a request for proposal (RFP) from Homeland Security Department. It examines the RFP to determine whether it aligns with standard government bid solicitations. The paper also considers the impact of the RFP on competitive pricing. This paper concludes with an examination of how a large firm would file a protest against a smaller firm that acquired the government contract after bidding on the government issued RFP. I. Standards for Government Solicitation A. Background The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation( FDIC) (2013) states, The format and composition of [solicitation] bid packages is mandated by law. [The bid packages] are typically broken down into several sections identified by an alphanumeric letter. Businesses develop proposals in response to government solicitations. B. Solicited Bid Content According to the FDIC (2013), a government issued request for proposal (RFP) includes the following sections: Section A: Information to Offerors or Quoters Section B: Supplies or Services and Price/Costs Section C: Statement of Work (SOW) Section D: Packages and Marking Section E: Inspection and Acceptance Section F: Deliveries or Performance Section G: Contract Administrative Data Section H: Special Contract Requirements Section I: Contract Clauses/ General Provision Section J: Attachments, Exhibits Section K: Representations/ Certifications and Statements of Offerors Section L: Proposal PreparationShow MoreRelatedSocioeconomic Government Contracting943 Words   |  4 PagesThe sample proposal reveals that DHS (Department of Homeland Security) is accepting a proposal from various firms to support Evergreen open source software. Objective of this paper is to evaluate the attached proposal and determine whether it meets government standard form for solicitation. The paper also discusses whether the implementation process of RFP (request for proposal) produce cost saving for the government. 1.Discussion on whether the sample RFP meets the governments standard form forRead MoreEssay about Request for Proposals26340 Words   |  106 PagesRFP-427.04-107-08 STATE GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS FOR INFORMATION SECURITY ASSESSMENT SERVICES (ISAS) RFP NUMBER: 427.04-107-08 CONTENTS SECTION 1 2 3 4 5 INTRODUCTION RFP SCHEDULE OF EVENTS PROPOSAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CONTRACTING INFORMATION PROPOSAL EVALUATION CONTRACT AWARD RFP ATTACHMENTS: 6.1 Pro Forma Contract Contract Attachment A: Attestation Re Personnel Used in Contract Performance Contract Attachment B: MemorandumRead MoreThe Rookie Chief Iso Essay3886 Words   |  16 PagesTERM PAPER â€Å"The Rookie Chief Information Security Officer† Bradford Daniels Professor Steven Brown SEC 402 17 March 2013 1. a. 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In 1995 he worked as a Fulbright scholar with faculty at the Krakow Academy of Economics on modernizing Polish business education. In 2005 he was a visiting professor at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. He received a B.A. in psychology from Claremont McKenna CollegeRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesAdministration Subtitle D—Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Subtitle E—Miscellaneous DIVISION D—INDIAN HEALTH CARE IMPROVEMENT TITLE I—AMENDMENTS TO INDIAN LAWS TITLE II—IMPROVEMENT OF INDIAN HEALTH CARE PROVIDED UNDER THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT 2 DIVISION A—AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE CHOICES 3 SEC. 100. PURPOSE; TABLE OF CONTENTS OF DIVISION; 1 4 GENERAL DEFINITIONS. rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS 5 (a) PURPOSE.— 6 (1) IN 7 GENERAL.—The Read MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesBrothers Cover Printer: Leghigh-Phoenex Color Text Font: 10/12, Times Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within the text. Microsoft ® and Windows ® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. Screen shots and icons reprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation

Conflict Management Styles At The Individual And Little...

Numerous questions remain unasked and unanswered: Is there any confirmation that conflict cultures exist at the authoritative level? How do such unmistakable conflict cultures create? How do leaders shape the advancement of conflict cultures? What are the results of conflict cultures for authoritative level results? Answers to these inquiries can t be found in the psychological literature on conflict, which has for the most part centered around conflict management styles at the individual and little gathering level. In this paper, we begin with the reason that despite the fact that people have particular inclinations for distinctive conflict management methodologies, associations give solid settings (Johns, 2006; O Reilly and Chatman, 1996) that serve to characterize socially shared and regularizing approaches to oversee struggle—what we allude to as conflict cultures—which decrease singular variety in conflict managing strategies(De Dreu, van Dierendonck, and Dijkstra, 2004; Gelfand, Leslie, and Keller, 2008). Since standards regularly create around major issues that should be overseen in any social framework (Schein, 1992; Schwartz, 1994), and conflict is a characteristic issue in most if not every authoritative framework (Argyris, 1971), we expect that conflict cultures can create in numerous associations. We suggest that conflict cultures, similar to their individual level and little gathering analogs (De Church and Marks, 2001), take the type of avoidant, commanding,Show MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Facilitation And Self Assessment1593 Words   |  7 Pagesself-evaluation as the initial step in identifying appropriate facilitation strategies to manage group conflicts. In the Facilitation Skills Self-Assessment, I have 14 competent and good skills and 9 skills requiring improvement. For Level 1, I have good skills in time management, active group participation and clear and accurate note taking but need to learn the theoretical foundations o f facilitation. For Level 2, I am competent in goal setting, feedback, exit surveys and friendly questioning and goodRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Influence Of Organization Culture1673 Words   |  7 Pages Human Resource Management Influence of organization culture Manjot Singh Student Id No: 30305024 Course Code: BUHRM5912 Potential influence of Organization’s Culture on the ability of organizations to obtain positive HRM outcomes This essay presents theoretical information related to organizational culture and discusses the potential influence an organization’s culture has on the ability of organizations to obtain positive HRM outcomesRead MoreShould Citizens Being Able For Interact And Communicate With Local Nationals?1677 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of expatriates being able to interact and communicate with local nationals is emphasized by the contact theory assuming that interpersonal contacts between individuals from different cultures lead to understanding and adjustment. 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The question of authority in public administration has historically been a tacit one framed in terms of the public administrationRead MoreStrategies For Managing Conflicts On The Group Essay1930 Words   |  8 Pagessome strategies to manage conflict in a group. a) The impact of both positive and negative effects of conflicts on the group. (i) Increase bunch solidarity:- when gatherings face clashes tackle the contentions that time all individuals regard one another more than before because of quality of the gathering will increment. (ii) Utilize distinctive thoughts:- Working in gatherings is valuable for association on the grounds that diverse thoughts originate from individuals and errand finish in a decentRead MoreWorking Environment Gatherings Are Turning Out2180 Words   |  9 PagesWorking environment gatherings are turning out to be more basic in today s associations. Organizations are looking for the cooperative energy that creates when individuals meet up to take a shot at a task A group unites people with comparative hobbies and destinations. Cooperation starts with, and manufactures connections among, a gathering of individuals who offer a typical intrigue or reason. Working in groups permits people from diverse regions (e.g. projects, raising support, and advertising)Read MoreCharacteristics Of The Organisational Culture3468 Words   |  14 PagesDifference:- 6 Work better together:- 6 Leadership Styles 8 Strategy for communicating business information 8 Pro active strategies to eliminate barriers of communication 10 Team work 11 Conflict resolution policy 13 References 15 Works Cited 15 Introduction:- Organisation Culture:- Fard, Rostamy and Taghiloo (2009) states that organisation culture is assumed worldwide as a gadget that is utilized by management to frame and deal with the beliefs, prespective andRead MoreManaging A Project Team, An Understanding And Knowledge Of The Design And Construction Process1441 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGING A PROJECT TEAM Syed Tauseef Ali (Author) Civil Engineering Department Bradley University Peoria, Illinois syedtauseefali@mail.bradley.edu Abstract—Managing a project team requires an understanding and knowledge of modern management as well as the knowledge of the design and construction process. Nowadays, associations in the development area use groups to meet today s global competition and client desires, however, they require better methods for assessing the viability of the groupsRead MoreThe Evolution Of Personnel Management Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesQ1 Four key developments in the evolution of personnel management Industrial revolution: Industrial revolution was as the end of the extension between art work framework and manufacturing plant framework, from art laborers doing an extensive variety of assignments to a division of errands at the industrial facility that strengthened the significance of an expert part with a particular undertaking, along these lines, h and s and the need for authorities turned into the core interest. In the meantimeRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1629 Words   |  7 PagesMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Management There are many management styles when it comes to an effective work environment. In correctional officers jobs they do their work by day to day events, where crisis is encountered every day, and leadership is essential to keep an operative system running. The basis for all management is leadership where correctional officers should have authority, talent, experience, ethics, and training. One that really stands out is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs for prison

Gun Control vs. Crime Rate - 1547 Words

Jessica Vickers Dr. Jonne Akens Engl 1302 25 February 2013 Gun Control vs. Crime Rate According to the Second Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.† In this very amendment lies the main issue of gun control. â€Å"To many, the language of the amendment appears to grant to the people the absolute right to bear arms. However, the U.S. Supreme Court has held that the amendment merely protects the right of states to form a state militia.† (Kimberlin) Gun control, or the controlling of firearms, is any act or proposal by any local, state, or federal agency to inhibit, deter,†¦show more content†¦The gunman then ran and took his own life (Benner, 2012). The latter side of the debate shows how civilians are capable of stopping a crime before the police are able to arrive. â€Å"Some even claim that more guns will help to control the crime and prevent m ass shootings from occurring.† (Wicked) After being subjected to so much information, how is the reader to know which side is right? According to Wicked, â€Å"This can be a difficult question to answer and requires detailed analysis to come to an informed decision. Studies that have been done on the issue of gun control have found many things that gun control affects and many things that it does not affect. One key item that studies have found is that gun control laws affect the use of specific guns in violent crimes, but do not affect the rate of crime itself.† The controlling of firearms by either banning the sale, transfer, importation, or manufacture of, as well as controlling the amount of ammunition available and the storage of that ammunition, is irrelevant to the reduction of violent crime. When debating the effect that a particular law, or ban of item, has on the rate of violent crime, it is beneficial to look back at the effect that laws and bans similar to these have had on the crime rate throughout history. The 1994 Assault Weapons ban which Dianne Feinstein proposed and that of which Congress passed would be a prime example. â€Å"This ban specifically selected fire armsShow MoreRelatedGun Violence Vs. Gun Rights Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 2016 Gun Violence Vs Gun Rights The debate between gun control and gun rights is one topic that can affect all culture and lifestyle implications. It goes beyond just the notion of I like guns vs. guns are dangerous. Some of the main arguments for and against gun control and gun rights are that Gun are dangerous to those who have some sort of mental disorder vs gun are to protect and service this nation. Which will of course bring up arguments for more restrictive gun laws. As societyRead MoreGun Rights And Gun Control994 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, gun control is becoming a social issue in the US after the many incidents or accident happened related to the gun owner’s kill’s people at the social places. Gun rights means the every person have right to take or carry guns for their self protection is created controversial issue related to criminal justice that needed the requirement for the gun control to stop people from killing each other. Moreover, on 2 Dec, 2015, two suspects those opened fire in a California social serviceRead MoreGun Control Regulations Do Not Deter Violence And Crime1356 Words   |  6 Pageskilled by gun violence in 2013 alone.† After the Sandy Hook shooting, in Newtown, Connecticut with a death toll of 26, Congress has still failed to pass these regulations which 90% of Americans wish to have. While tightening the gun control may not guarantee the complete absence of mass shootings or gun violence and crime, it has definately been shown to significantly reduce these rates. America is in need of tighter gun control laws because current regulations do not deter violence and crime, and theRead MoreThe Shootings : The Deadliest Mass Murder Ever Committed On An American High School Campus1644 Words   |  7 Pagesautomatic guns, killed 13 innocent people and injured 24, all due to the unrestrictive gun laws in the US (â€Å"Where’d They Get Their Guns?†). The Columbine massacre is just one example of the many horrors that guns inflict upon U.S. society. Currently, over 31,000 US citizens die each year due to gun-inflicted wounds (Welcome to WISQARS). Many receive no media attention, but in those that do, the guns are usually obtained by unlawful means. More laws regulating the purchase and sale of guns should beRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1698 Words   |  7 Pagesnew laws on how people purchase weapons should require background checks. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by many citizens. The critical people of this topic believe that the guns do not kill people, it is the people that kill people. The supporters of this topic believe that guns lead to violence and a feeling of power over others. They also believe that if guns were eliminated from the public, then violence and death would decreaseRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Violence On People Of Lowers Classes920 Words   |  4 Pagessubject of gun violence. The study being propo sed is to determine the effect gun violence has related to different areas and that of lower class areas. This proposed study will utilize the statics and the scenario’s in which the officers I am interviewing have been in and have a large relation with. This study was proving the study, which I am writing about, in the fact that gun violence has a large impact on people of lowers classes even including the children. The children in homes with guns are moreRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pagescountry do to keep further shootings from happening. Numerous individuals trust that forcing new laws on how people buy weapons should require background verifications. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by numerous citizens. The critical people of this topic trust that the guns don t murder people, is that people kill people. The supporters of this topic trust that weapons lead to violence and a feeling of power over others. They additionallyRead More Gun Control in America Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control in America The American Constitution and the Bill of Rights are amazing documents in their wording. Its writers showed astonishing foresight in some ways, and understanding that they could not accurately predict the future in others. These documents grant specific and vague powers to different departments of the Federal Government. The wording allows for changes to be made in its content and interpretation. One example of all these qualities, is the Second Amendment, and its interpretationRead MoreGun Control Thesis Statement Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesStatement: Gun control decreases crime. If gun control is regulated, then we will have less crime. Access to firearms makes killing easy, efficient, and impersonal, which increases the lethality of crime. Josh Sugarmann, the Executive Director of the Violence Policy Center has once said, We recoil in horror and search for explanations, but we never face up to the obvious preventive measure: a ban on the handy killing machines that make crimes so easy.†Allowing untrained people to carry guns puts othersRead MoreArgument Against Gun Control1340 Words   |  6 PagesAgainst Gun Control The argument on firearm regulation has been a heated discussion for many years. On one side of the debate, we have people in favor placing restrictions on guns, while, on the opposite end of the spectrum, we have people fighting the regulation of guns. People in favor gun restrictions believe gun control can reduce crime ,while, the people against gun control believe having the right to bear arms is an effective crime deterrent

Manawatu Gorge Alternative Routes Project †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Manawatu Gorge Alternative Routes Project. Answer: Summary of the Project The overall project is based on the development of an alternative highway route between Manawatu and Hawkes Bay in New Zealand. The existing highway is currently blocked by extreme quantities of hill slip that has been caused by frequent and continuous land slide in the area. According to a survey estimation, it has been found that removing the slips from the road and rebuilding the viaduct will consume a huge amount of time and will be extremely expensive. Hence, it has been decided that instead of rebuilding the road, an alternative route will be created. After a survey in the area, at least 14 alternative routes were traced and four of them have been selected. However, the engineering team still has not been able to select one particular route but it has been estimated that irrespective of the choice of route, the project will take up to 7 to 8 years and the overall project costs have been estimated at $350 million-$450 million. Triple Bottom Line Analysis In the figure, a diagrammatic representation has been provided for the triple bottom line analysis for Manawatu Gorge Alternative Routes Project. The triple bottom line analysis for the Manawatu Gorge Alternative Route Project is done as follows. Socio-Economic Factors The socio-economic factors that are involved in this alternative route project include business ethics, fairness of trade and basic rights of the workers. During the course of the construction of the alternative route, the organization should ensure sufficient business ethics are followed while the construction is done (Kucukvar Tatari, 2013). Furthermore, the organization, who will undertake the construction of the alternative route, must also provide benefits that are the basic rights of workers conducting the construction work of the road through the chosen route. The fairness of trade must be mainly followed by the proper procurement of resources without fraud or cheating the vendors. Socio-Environmental Factors The socio-environmental factors involved in the alternative route project include following environmental justice and natural resources stewardship. For the environmental justice, the construction company for the alternative route must ensure the ongoing construction work must not result in negative impact on the environment that is the main source of livelihood for the people residing in the area where the alternative route is chosen (Onat, Kucukvar Tatari, 2014). In case the route through the rural area (which is one of the chosen alternatives for the Manawatu Gorge Alternative Route Project) is chosen for the construction of the alternative route, a lot of farms and crop fields are present and hence, the construction works may have negative effects on these areas of Manawatu Gorge. In case of natural resources stewardship, during the construction work of the alternative route, the company may come across some mines of natural resources (Milne Gray, 2 013). It should be kept in mind that natural resources are government property and hence, suitable authority should be contacted in cases of such discovery during the road construction. Environmental Economic Factors For the environmental economic factors, the organization who will undertake the project should ensure sufficient energy efficiency is gained during the construction of the road through the chosen route in Manawatu Gorge and incentives are paid to the authority for the usage of natural resources. Ethical Considerations During the review of the entire project, the engineers need to make several ethical considerations regarding the development of the new route in order to execute the project professionally. These ethical considerations are discussed as follows. Rural Landscape Of the chosen routes, one of the routes passes through a rural area where the existing road is not sufficiently developed. As the construction work is expected to take place over 6-7 years, it is expected that the extensive construction work will disturb the rural life in the area (Nicholas Steyn, 2017). Moreover, the daily rural activities like farming, grain transportation and others will be severely disrupted throughout the time period. Hence, it will be not ethical and professional for the engineers to construct the road at the cost of the daily lives of the rural people. Material Quality and Budget Usage The engineers should ensure the best quality materials are used in the construction process and moreover, the budget should not be misused over time (Milne Gray, 2013). This project will be executed over a huge course of time and will consume a significant amount of budget from the national treasury. Hence, the engineers should deliver the best outcome within the budget and time limit suggested in the project. References Kucukvar, M., Tatari, O. (2013). Towards a triple bottom-line sustainability assessment of the US construction industry.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,18(5), 958-972. Milne, M. J., Gray, R. (2013). W (h) ither ecology? The triple bottom line, the global reporting initiative, and corporate sustainability reporting.Journal of business ethics,118(1), 13-29. Nicholas, J. M., Steyn, H. (2017).Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis. Onat, N. C., Kucukvar, M., Tatari, O. (2014). Integrating triple bottom line inputoutput analysis into life cycle sustainability assessment framework: the case for US buildings.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,19(8), 1488-1505.

How Language is Different From Communication

Introduction A language is a meticulous kind of structure for presenting, conveying, and understanding information. There are fundamentally two types of languages which are; the natural languages and artificial languages.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Language is Different From Communication? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A Natural language also known as an ordinary language is any language which is formed in an inadvertent manner due to the human intellect’s ability to grasp the intrinsic capacity for language. Normally natural language is used as a basic form of communication hence the language could include spoken words, written or signs and gestures. An artificial language also referred to as a planned or constructed language is any language that has not developed evolutionarily rather has been deliberately formulated by an individual or group by creating new pronunciation, grammar an d vocabulary. International auxiliary language or formal languages such as computer-programming languages, formal logic analysis languages, and code languages such as Morse code are examples of artificial language which are devised to simplify human’s communication for computer interpretation or to exercise discretion. To know a language in general is to be able to understand the language but a more technical approach would be to be able to transmit, receive, and understand information communicated in a given language. Comparison between language and communication in animals Language is a basically a structure of sound symbols used to convey information while communication is the comprehension and deduction of language (Duranti 46). Therefore, language is a complex and intricate set of ciphers which need a common platform that is created through communication in order to be understood (Duranti 48). Communication can thus be better understood as a median that bridges the gap b etween two language terminals which could either be similar or different. It is not uncommon to find two individuals who speak different languages being able to communicate and as a consequence being able to understand each other (Ammaria 5). It is through the above statements that I draw the hypothesis that animals have and do use language. Animals have shown all basic necessities of a language that is symbols either oral or physical as well as an almost equal reaction to a particular sound or physical movement(Deacon 10).Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A good example is of the meerkats which are social carnivores similar to mongooses that live in arid and semi arid areas in Africa and Australia (Serjeantson 11). Meerkats constantly communicate with one through over 20 different sounds each of which has a different meaning. The sounds include lost sounds, alarm sounds, le ading the group sounds, pup feeding sounds, guarding sounds, and foraging sounds. Since meerkats spend most of the day foraging, at least one is left to stand guard and watch out for predators (Thornton McAuliffe 6). When there is a clear field in sight, the guard emits mellow tones. As soon as a predator is identified at a distance, the guard gives a beeping sound and all the animals become alert. When the predator gets closer, the guard emits another sound depending on the type of predator. Birds of prey usually elicit a high pitch sound which is a warning not only to stay alert but also to hide since birds like the martial eagle are fast and hence calls for retreat are emitted earlier than ground predators like snakes, jackals or crocodiles(Thornton McAuliffe 7). Domestic animals such as the cow also have language. The reason for this is because a cow separated from the rest of the heard will constantly moo until it is reunited with the herd. In addition, the cows in the heard usually moo after the lost cow moos as a sign of reassurance and also an indicator of their direction (Thornton McAuliffe 9). Birds have also been identified to have their own language since different species of birds emit different sounds. Crows have been shown to caw after spotting food in order to summon other crows. Birds such as the ostrich dance in order to attract mates while others such as the peacock display their feathers (Serjeantson 12). Comparison between animal and human language/communication According to (Paolillo 12), human language is mainly applied for the illustration of thought, for creating social interactions, for communication of information and for expounding thoughts. Speech has been universally acknowledged as the dividing factor between humans and animals as far as language is concerned. However, various studies have shown that some of the primates moderately possess the aptitude for speech. A study carried out on chimpanzees showed that certain primates have the ability to communicate with others with intent to get certain information across (Raffaele 4).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Language is Different From Communication? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Observed in their natural habitat, chimpanzees were shown to observe social order and basically give out and carry out commands depending on the social status (Ladygina-Kohts de Waal 68). For instance, as social creatures chimpanzees were shown to hunt together and specific sounds from the group leaders saw members of the hunting group take up certain positions. The understanding of the language and the underlying messages following the exchanges showed a level of comprehension unique only to primates. As indicated by (Ladygina-Kohts de Waal 61), the learning aptitude of the chimpanzees is so high in the animal kingdom that a group of experimental chimpanzees were taught a vocabulary of 20 0 words using American Sign Language (ASL) and they were able to communicate with each other using the ASL with the chimpanzees having acted in response as required to approximately 70% of what was being communicated (Duranti 48). Human language is therefore different from that of animals because even those animals highly likely to adapt to human intelligence cannot effectively express themselves through speech as humans can (Ammaria 7). Human communication on the other hand is almost as similar as to that of animals. This is because the application of language will usually reflect a common form of understanding in both humans and animals and hence the similar reactions following a stop sign on the road or a meerkat danger call (Raffaele 5). Critical components needed for language development in infants According to (Kail 39), phonology is one of the most important components a human infant must figure out in order to use language. Basically phonology is the meticulous use of sound to predetermine the connotation of speech in any human language thus it acts as a subfield in linguistics that is associated with the sound coordination of languages. Phonology depicts how different sounds work in a given language or in different languages to code meaning into spoken words (Deacon 11). A human infant also needs syntax which is the principles and rules that govern the sentence structure of any natural language which will help them construct coherent sentences (Ladygina-Kohts de Waal 65). In addition, Pragmatics is another critical component since it analyses the variations through which context contributes to meaning (Kail 40). Pragmatics helps human beings with the understanding and transmission of meaning through the context of the utterance, status of the speaker and listener, the inferred intent of the speaker as well as the linguistic knowledge of the speaker and listener (Kail 42). Humans also need semantics which is the understanding of sounds, facial express ions and body language (Flynn 71). Above all, the human infant must figure out vocabulary in order to use language (Paolillo 14).Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Vocabulary is the set of words which are common in a particular language (Kail 42). A person’s vocabulary generally matures and progresses with time hence it acts as a valuable and elementary implement for communication and attaining knowledge (Flynn 71). Some animals such as the African Grey Parrots have the ability to mimic human language and some show simple forms of intelligence like differentiating colors through speech (Kail 44). Animals also show syntax application since animals of the same species are able to communicate effectively though they lack the other components needed for language development. Conclusion Through careful examination of the information available, it has been established that primarily, language is different from communication. While language is used by both animals and humans, communication leads to the understanding of the language. Therefore, a human being can communicate to an animal by rewarding or whipping it depending on the animalâ€℠¢s actions and the animal gradually understands what to do and what to avoid. On the other hand, a human cannot use the same language as that of the animal yet they are able to communicate. Animals do have language which enables them to communicate effectively in their natural habitat. This is especially true with social animals such as chimpanzees, whales, birds, elephants and meerkats among others which use language to coordinate their activities in the wild as well as keep close watch on each other. Human infants must figure out five critical components in order to use language, the main component being vocabulary since it determines the content of the language. This research paper on How Language is Different From Communication? was written and submitted by user Edgar Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Work Motivation Theory Case Study The WritePass Journal

Work Motivation Theory Case Study Work Motivation Theory Case Study D1.D2.D3.D4.D5.References:Related D1. There are two issues related to work motivation in the sample case study. The first is that the focus of the case study concentrates on ‘what’ motivates workers, by providing samples of end goals as tools of motivation. The second issue that is apparent is that the object that motivates the workers is not universal across the surveyed countries and varies significantly depending on country. This was seen particularly for the items; good boss, good pay and friendly co-workers. D2. The use of an object as the method of work motivation indicates that content theory of motivation has been used as the theoretical foundation on which the case study is being undertaken. Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs is applicable to the case study and in order to reach self-actualisation which seeks personal fulfilment and peak experiences, one must first satisfy the lower levels of psychological, security, affiliation and esteem needs. Herzberg et al.’s (1959) two factor theory is also a relevant content theory for the case study. This theory asserts that both hygiene and motivation factors are necessary for work place motivation. Hygiene factors are those that are essential for motivation, such as pay and physical working conditions, while motivators are those which provide personal satisfaction. Alderfer’s (1972) ERG theory redefined Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in line with empirical evidence classing work motivation needs into existence, relatedn ess and growth needs. D3. It is clear that the assumption promulgated by the case study indicates that the lower levels of motivation in Maslow, Alderfer and Herzberg’s theories are satisfied as the questionnaire used to sample these indicators evaluate the importance of higher level needs that have to do with self-fulfilment and actualisation. This indicates therefore that these theories are applicable, as motivation has occurred at a higher level in the surveyed organisations. These theories however, do not necessarily explain how the higher levels of motivation interact with one another. This leaves one to assume that the content theories of motivation are only sufficient to an extent as they do not consider different levels of motivation at these higher levels. The differences in the importance of certain elements of the questionnaire in the case study according to the country of the subjects does not necessarily present a difficulty in the universal application of these theories, as differences wi ll necessarily occur in a number of contexts depending on the organisational characteristics of the subject organisation. D4. Arguably, a more accurate theory of motivation to be applied is process theory, which seek to understand the process through which motivation occurs. Examples of process theories include expectancy based models (Vroom, 1964), goal setting theory (Locke Latham, 1990) and equity theory (Adams, 1963). These theories seek to understand the process by which motivation occurs and to identify motivators in this way rather than to understand it from a content approach. Importantly, process theories seek to motivate through establishing a balance between input and output of a worker and thereby attain the goals of that worker in terms of self fulfillment. D5. These theories provide a useful understanding of the factors that effect work motivation and the types of content or process which may be utilized in order to achieve maximum motivation. These theories can be applied to a complex set of organizational factors and are important in the context of organizational theory by allowing for a better understanding of creating a psychological contract affecting organizational behavior and culture. References: Adams, J. (1963) Toward an Understanding of Inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,   67, pp.   422 436. Alderfer, C. (1972) Existence, Relatedness, and Growth; Human Needs in Organizational Settings.   New York: Free Press. Herzberg, F.,   Mausner, B.,   Snyderman, B. (1959)  The Motivation to Work  (2ed). New York: John Wiley. Locke, E. Latham, G. (1990) A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Maslow, A. (1943) A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), pp. 370 – 396. Vroom, V. (1964) Work and Motivation. New York: McGraw Hill.

Henry the Eight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Henry the Eight - Essay Example Henry VIII was married to his first wife for over 20 years, and for a long time they were happy together. Catherine (the widow of Henry's brother Arthur) was the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and had received an excellent education at their court. She had long red-gold hair and blue eyes, and in her youth was considered pretty. Catherine was five years older and much more sedate. She was interested in politics and Henry often turned to her for advice. In 1513 she ruled as regent while Henry was campaigning in France. Although Catherine was pregnant many times, only one of her children, Princess Mary, survived. Henry was a doting father and didn't seem to blame Catherine for her failure to bear healthy sons. Henry is only known to have had two mistresses during his marriage to Catherine, which made him a reasonably faithful husband by the standards of the time. Catherine knew of his affairs but kept silent. Then Henry met the woman who was to be his second wife. . . Anne Boleyn: Anne Boleyn was probably born in 1500 or 1501. Her father was an English diplomat and her mother was the daughter of an earl. In 1522 Anne came to England and went to live at King Henry's court as a member of Queen Catherine's household. There she became secretly betrothed to a young courtier, Henry Percy - secretly because Percy was already promised to another woman, and his family would not approve of his marrying Anne Boleyn. But the lord chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, heard of the engagement and alerted the king, who told Wolsey to end the relationship.

Symbolism in the Short Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Symbolism in the Short Story - Essay Example Mr. Summer, who runs a coal business, represents life, while Mr.Grave symbolizes death. The lottery itself symbolizes the cruel traditions that the society holds. The author suggests a three legged stool that the black box is set upon. From the story death is symbolized by the black box, and the black dot on the slip of paper. This paper shall major on the symbols of tradition and culture that everyone is used to thus symbolism has been used in The Lottery. The Lottery, is a story of a small village destroying members of its community who cannot question the rituals of their tradition. The author indicates that members of the community would meet every year for this ritual. The author uses this setting to outline the cruel traditions that the society still holds on that is dangerous to human life. This ritual takes away one member to serve as a ransom for the remaining members of the community. From the story, Tessie suffers as a scapegoat being stoned, and her blood used to purify a nd protect the remaining part of the community. A ritual was practised yearly with human blood as a libation in these ceremonies. This indicates how different traditions sacrifice human effort, vision, and even life so as to survive and be preserved. The author has used this setting to describe how death is caused by culture and tradition. One loses life for the safety of others. Secondly black has been used majorly in the story. Black is associated with sorrow, tears, disappointment, and other negative issues. The author has used black color in the story to symbolize death. From the story, black box is set on a three legged stool (Jackson 7). Death itself is the black box resting on stool. Literally a stool has four legs, but the author presents a three legged stool, which shows one of the legs is missing. The black box set on a stool that is missing one leg indicates the purpose of death, to destroy one of the members of the community. The author indicates that Mr. Summer ran the coal business. Coal is a black mineral which is related to the black box that Mr. Summer carried. The author describes the killing of community members as a coal business. The coal industry has been used symbolically to indicate death practice of people. This box, the author suggests that it was old (Jackson 8). This symbolizes tradition, and the duration this practice has taken. The box has been carrying slips of black papers. Mr. Summer who hasn’t b been in charge for the ritual practice is related to the coal business of death. At the end every ritual, one member would be stoned leaving the society as the stool without one leg. The author has used the black color to indicate death. Member of the community that picked a black dotted slip of paper was entitled to death. The author describes Tessie, who picked the dotted paper that led her to death. She was stoned by everybody present regardless of her complains or cries. The black spot on the paper symbolized death. Once a p erson picked it,, he or she was entitled to death. The author suggests the craftiness of the traditions to trap human beings causing pain and misery. The author indicates Tessie, as an example suffering as a scapegoat to save the rest. She complains saying it was not fair, but that did not protect her from the stoning crowd. This therefore, shows that the author has used black color to symbolize death and tradition. The author has used names symbolically in the Lottery in describing the characters. From the story Mr. Summer has

Integration of Gujarati Immigrants in Britain

Integration of Gujarati Immigrants in Britain Gujarati Immigrants Transnational RESEARCH QUESTION: How does the integration of Gujarati immigrants in Britain affect their participation in transnational activities? Introduction This proposed research aims to understand links between social and economic integration and participation in transnational activities. I will focus on Gujarati immigrants as they are widely regarded as being amongst the most affluent, successful and religious of Britain’s South Asian settlers (Dwyer, 1994). The proposed research is a case study (Marshall Rossman, 1999) exploring patterns of integration and participation in transnational activities within this particular group. The research question is important because I want to challenge both the idea that all Gujarati immigrants are rich and successful and simplistic understandings of segmented assimilation theory (Kivisto, 2001; Portes, 1995; Yu Greenman, 2005). Empirical evidence for this purpose will be gathered by a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The results will give a detailed picture of a particular group of immigrants but will be relevant to understanding other groups as well. Literature Review As a theoretical starting point, I will refer to the work of Portes, who defines transnationalism as referring to: â€Å"†¦a growing number of persons who live dual lives; speaking two languages, having homes in two countries, and making a living through continuous regular contact across national borders. Activities within the transnational field comprise a whole gamut of economic, political and social initiatives†. (Portes et al, 1999, pp. 217-218) For Portes (1995), to understand the relationship between transnational behaviour and immigrant integration we have to understand the theory of segmented assimilation. This theory makes an effort to understand the individual and contextual factors that determine into which parts of the host society second generation immigrants become incorporated: in the case of Gujarati immigrants, these areas will be social, economic, cultural and religious. Many writers have emphasised that transnationalism is in part an adaptive strategy a reaction to the hostile reception and downward mobility that immigrants face in post-industrial nations (Basch et al 1994). However, transnational behaviour and immigrant integration is discussed differently by Kivisto (2001). Kivisto argues that contrary to the transnational view of immigrants living in two countries at the same time immigrants are located in one and the immediate concerns of the receiving country take lead in to the more distant concerns of the sending community. For Kivisto, for example, Portes’ theory of transnational immigration does not look at the variation of transnational behaviours among immigrants with comparable family and social link with the country they are from. He provides an assessment of transnationalism that is a subset of assimilation theory, rather than an alternative to it and suggests that the following factors should be considered in research on this topic: The costs associated with travel Access to communication technologies The salience of homeland political issues or economic conditions versus similar issues in the host society How institutions in the host society may limit immigrants’ access and the nature of their involvement The impact of popular culture The role of nation states (p.573). Yu and Greenman (2005) criticize segmented assimilation theory on the basis of an empirical study on immigration adolescents yielding two main findings: First, for immigrant adolescents living in non-poverty neighborhoods, they find assimilation to be positively associated with educational achievement and psychological well-being but also positively associated with at-risk behavior. Second, there is little empirical evidence supporting the theory of segmented assimilation. For these writers, future research would be more fruitful focusing on differential processes of assimilation rather than differential consequences of assimilation (http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/abs.html?ID=3443). Bearing this in mind, the focus of my study is on Gujarati immigrants’ participation in terms of its relation to integration process. I am also drawing on Ballard’s (1994) Desh Pardesh: The South Asian Presence in Britain. The book contains a collection of essays about the diverse, multicultural South Asian communities in Britain, including Gujarati immigrants. The of the book ‘Desh Pardesh’ means home from home and at home abroad. The book attempts to look at some of the issues relating to processes of the reconstruction of social, economic, religious and cultural life in order to integrate in the new country. The case of Gujarati immigrants There are over half a million Gujaratis in Britain (Dwyer, 1994). Britain remains a popular destination for immigrants because of its strong economy. However, the jobs that immigrants generally take on are in the secondary sector and typically unskilled manual labour (Massey, 1987); I suggest that this is also the case with many Gujarati immigrants. Social networks both in Gujarat and Britain also account for a large number of migrants coming in from abroad (Boyd 1989). In the research I aim to focus on Gujarati immigrants who are in search for better employment opportunities in Britain and are wishing to settle. As for Portes (1999): â€Å"For purposes of establishing a novel area of investigation, it is preferable to delimit the concept of transnationalism to occupations and activities that require regular and sustained social contacts over time across national borders for their implementation. Thus defined, the concept encompasses, for example, the travels of a Salvadoran viajero delivering mail and supplies to immigrant kin on a monthly basis or those of a Dominican garment shop owner going to New York several times a year to sell her wares and acquire new fabrics and designs for her business. By the same token, it excludes the occasional gifts of money and kind sent by immigrants to their kin and friends (not an occupation) or the one-time purchase of a house or lot by an immigrant in his home country (not a regular activity) (p.219). I will apply this idea to immigrants from Gujarat, India who represents the latest ‘wave’ of migration. The group will consist of middle-class people with only Indian school qualification aged 18-28 years and who enter into unskilled manual labour, e.g. working in restaurants, cleaners, groceries, retail and so on. My aim is to try and understand the people who face difficulties in Gujarat, India due to unemployment. Many writers have written about different Gujarati communities abroad, for example about the success of East African Gujaratis in terms of education achievement and business (Ballard 1994; Bughart 1987; Bhachu 1985). I want to also look at the poor Gujaratis who lack educational qualifications and are struggling to find work in Gujarat. Research methods Key questions regarding the orientation to the conduct of the research are: 1) Is my strategy ‘deductive’ or ‘inductive’? 2) Is my research qualitative or quantitative? and 3) Is my epistemology positivist or interpretivist? First, deductive research strategy is concerned with the testing of theory, or a pre-given hypothesis. As a result, hypothesis is confirmed or rejected. Inductive approach is more relevant in my research because it allows categories emerge from the data (Marshall Rossman, 1999). If for example I was trying to research first generation immigrants rather then second then I would have to modify theory of segmented assimilation to apply it to the right group. If I use the inductive approach I will begin with findings and observations from which I will generate theory. Second, my research will be both quantitative and qualitative in that it will look at numeric population patterns as well as individual lived experiences (ibid). Third, my research will be interpretivist in that it is ‘guided by a set of beliefs and feelings about the world and how it should be understood and studied’ (Denzin Lincoln, 1994, p.13). Exploratory Data Collection The method I will be using to collect data will be participant observation during my field work in Britain. I will study groups of Gujarati immigrants who are either unemployed or have low-paid jobs. This approach attempts to understand ‘what is going on’ and that is why participant observation is a suitable method for this research (ibid). This method will help me in developing useful interview questions. It will also allow me evaluate data collected through other methods (Pelto and Pelto 1978). ‘Participant observation’ as a method involves observing as well as participating with those who are being studied, and it also involves social interaction as well as engaging in their way of life (Spradley 1980). The extent to which a researcher participates in a social setting ranges from non-participation to complete participation, in the latter case becoming a member of the group. I will participate moderately with the Gujaratis’ daily activities (ibid; Dewalt et al 1998). (a) I need to gain entry into the community and begin building my relations with immigrants. I will be working in two main areas which have the highest number of Gujaratis, Wembley (NW London) and Leicestershire (Midlands). I will have to find accommodation in these two regions of Britain. To gain access into the community I will also volunteer to work as a sales assistant for retail shops in these areas. By doing this I will be able to build comfortable relations with my respondents. This will also encourage informants to talk normally as they would with a friend or community member (Denzin Lincoln, 1994).

Immigrants and Immigration Movement of the Early 20th Century Essay exa

Immigration Movement of the Early 20th Century "Here is not merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations." -Walt Whitman People have been immigrating to the United States ever since the European settlers first founded the nation. The first immigrants were white European settlers who came for an assortment of different reasons, such as freedom of religion and employment opportunities. Waves of immigrants poured into the US until restrictions were made in the 1920s, which were largely for cultural and economic reasons. Many saw immigration as the only way to prevent starvation, extreme suffering and death. The US became a safe haven and melting pot for many different cultures and nationalities. However, it was not easy to be an immigrant, since they faced much racism, religious persecution, and xenia phobia from the Americans. Sensing this, they often banded closely together, settling with their own kind and forming their own tightly-knit communities where they established their businesses primarily to serve themselves. The Italians and the Jews were two such groups in the beginning of the 20th c entury who felt much of this racism -- as seen in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury. At this time, the majority of the immigrants were Italians, Russian and Eastern European Jews, Greeks, Slavs, and Armenians. Before 1870 there was little Italian immigration to the US. Nevertheless, shortly afterward, many began to flee rural Italy's low wages and high taxes to seek a more prosperous income in the American cities. Many Italian settlements sprang up in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, and Detroit. By World War II, it is said that there were more people of Italian descent living in New York City than we... ...king to immigrate to America, were not already well-represented in the population. However, in 1924, the quota was expanded to allow in northern and western Europeans, but to exclude almost everyone else. President Coolidge is quoted saying, "America must be kept American" as he was signing the 1924 quota into law. This fear and ideology was echoed throughout American society in the beginning of the 20th century. Useful statistics and an informative timeline for the history of US immigration can be found here: http://www.closeup.org/immigrat.htm#timeline This website contains a lot of informative in depth information on Italians, Jews and many other nationalities that immigrated to the United States. It also has a lot of information on the restrictions and laws that were made against immigrants. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook28.html Immigrants and Immigration Movement of the Early 20th Century Essay exa Immigration Movement of the Early 20th Century "Here is not merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations." -Walt Whitman People have been immigrating to the United States ever since the European settlers first founded the nation. The first immigrants were white European settlers who came for an assortment of different reasons, such as freedom of religion and employment opportunities. Waves of immigrants poured into the US until restrictions were made in the 1920s, which were largely for cultural and economic reasons. Many saw immigration as the only way to prevent starvation, extreme suffering and death. The US became a safe haven and melting pot for many different cultures and nationalities. However, it was not easy to be an immigrant, since they faced much racism, religious persecution, and xenia phobia from the Americans. Sensing this, they often banded closely together, settling with their own kind and forming their own tightly-knit communities where they established their businesses primarily to serve themselves. The Italians and the Jews were two such groups in the beginning of the 20th c entury who felt much of this racism -- as seen in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury. At this time, the majority of the immigrants were Italians, Russian and Eastern European Jews, Greeks, Slavs, and Armenians. Before 1870 there was little Italian immigration to the US. Nevertheless, shortly afterward, many began to flee rural Italy's low wages and high taxes to seek a more prosperous income in the American cities. Many Italian settlements sprang up in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, and Detroit. By World War II, it is said that there were more people of Italian descent living in New York City than we... ...king to immigrate to America, were not already well-represented in the population. However, in 1924, the quota was expanded to allow in northern and western Europeans, but to exclude almost everyone else. President Coolidge is quoted saying, "America must be kept American" as he was signing the 1924 quota into law. This fear and ideology was echoed throughout American society in the beginning of the 20th century. Useful statistics and an informative timeline for the history of US immigration can be found here: http://www.closeup.org/immigrat.htm#timeline This website contains a lot of informative in depth information on Italians, Jews and many other nationalities that immigrated to the United States. It also has a lot of information on the restrictions and laws that were made against immigrants. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook28.html

Technology Continues To Evolve Every Day Environmental Sciences Essay

Technology continues to germinate every twenty-four hours. Cell phones, computing machines, game consoles, pressmans, and any other electronic device become outdated when the better, faster, shinier new version is released. It is non that the older merchandise is yet disused, but that people prefer holding the newest and what they believe is the best. The job with acquiring the better, faster, shinier version is acquiring rid of the old 1. Some options include selling the old one, giving the old one off to a friend or household member, donating it to a school or charity, and for our more technologically savvy friends, trashing it for parts. The of import thing to retrieve when replacing electronic devices is that they can non merely be thrown off with the mundane refuse. When electronic devices are non decently disposed of they end up in our landfills or developing states, where the toxic chemicals and metals are released into the environment and toxicant the air, the H2O, and the pe ople. Lead can do harm to the cardinal nervous system, kidneys, and even the blood watercourse, and has drastic effects on developing foetuss and nursing babes. It is found in Television and computing machine proctors. It is besides found on printed circuit boards and the solder points that keep constituents in affiliated and in topographic point, fundamentally in every electronic device. Mercury is besides found in printed circuit boards, along with all fluorescent visible radiations including the backlights in laptops, telecastings, and proctors. The liquid metal gets into H2O and acquire into life beings and cause encephalon harm or organ failure. It particularly amendss babes ‘ still turning encephalons and nervous systems. Cadmium has been linked to several types of malignant neoplastic disease and is found in electronic constituents like incorporate circuits, resistances and semiconducting materials. ( E-Waste Problem ) The universe is filled with an copiousness of engineering ; finally those electronic devices reach the terminal of their life rhythm and demand to be recycled. We produce and consume more engineering without sing where the old ends up, or what the effects might be. In 2009, the EPA estimations, the United States discarded 2.37 million dozenss of electronic waste of which merely 25 % was collected for recycling, the remainder went into our landfills. Some of the e-waste sent for recycling is sent off to developing states where hapless patterns and deficiency of ordinances end up with the same consequence ; lead and other toxins in the environment. Alfresco combustion and acerb baths are used to retrieve valuable stuffs from electronic devices. Those types of patterns expose workers to harmful chemicals and exhausts, and besides leak into the environment. ( Cleaning Up Electronic Waste ) Electronic waste is a worldwide job and yet merely half of the States in the U.S. have implemented Torahs to promote and increase recycling. 23 of the States have Producer Responsibility Laws, Utah has Producer Education Laws, and California has Consumer Fee Laws. In a study by the Electronicss Take Back Coalition, Oregon, Washington, and Minnesota have been the most successful averaging 6.2 lbs per individual in the province of e-waste collected for recycling in 2010. Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Oklahoma fared the worst with an norm of 0.565 lbs per individual of e-waste collected for recycling. Oklahoma entirely had a mere 0.22 lbs per individual. â€Å" All of the provinces with good consequences have Torahs that either make the eaˆ?waste aggregation substructure really convenient, or they really set up specific ends that makers must run into. † Washington and Oregon have convenient aggregation Torahs that require that every metropolis and county with a population of over 10,000 people have an e-waste aggregation site. Minnesota sets aggregation ends for makers that depend on their gross revenues of the old twelvemonth. Washington and Oregon charge industries to cover the cost of roll uping and recycling e-waste, while other provinces use revenue enhancement remunerator money. ( Ten Lessons Learned From State E-waste Laws ) The United States Environmental Protection Agency has opened channels with Africa, Asia and Latin America for treatments and sharing of the best patterns for e-waste. There are a smattering of many-sided organisations looking to inform and put up safe patterns. Interpol and the International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement ( INECE ) focal point on patroling the universe on illegal trade of e-waste. While organisations like the Basel Convention and the Basel Secretariat and Solving the E-waste Problem ( StEP ) work find solutions and set guidelines. ( Cleaning Up Electronic Wastel ) One thing we should make is get down a federal jurisprudence so that all provinces are held responsible to censor the disposal of electronics incorporating harmful wastes in landfills and advance the usage of recycling e-waste. It will assist open the populace ‘s oculus to how bad e-waste is for our environment and how serious and helpful it is to recycle it. There are already some province Torahs that ban people from throwing off some electronics but there is nil major in consequence. There are 25 provinces that e-waste recycling Torahs and of those lone 18 provinces have prohibitions on throwing off electronics such as desktops, laptops, CRTs- TVs, proctors, Flat screens, pressmans and facsimile machines are among the major constituents on the ban list. The inquiry is who is implementing the Torahs among the provinces that have the prohibitions. At the rubbish pace they are required to screen the rubbish and do certain they are non disposing of any e-waste in their landfills, so you might see a little rise in rubbish measures for added employees and new screening systems. But the existent job lies with the people who dispose of e-waste in their house rubbish can for the trash truck to come choice up. Now we know it would be near to impossible to hold person look into vicinity rubbish tins so we have to trust on people to make the right thing. By cognizing that is starts with the people we need to inform them profoundly with the information on how deathly e-waste can be. Second we have to do it easy and hassle free to recycle these points so people are n't put off by long lines or far distances to drive to recycle and more likely to make the right thing. I think that the rubbish companies should do an inducement program for people to recycle such as a program where one time you have recycled 100 lbs of e-waste you receive 10 $ off your following measure, this might animate people to salvage every small spot of e-waste to recycle. Besides we need to do a federal jurisprudence about where the recycle workss recycle their e-waste, because most topographic points have a 3rd party that they outsource the concluding measure of dismantle or burn to complete the occupation. This has been a job with recycling in 3rd universe states where they do non decently dispose of the waste sometime instead merely fire it seting the harmful chemicals straight into the air. Other topographic points allow kids to work in unsafe conditions and without protection while leveling old electronics to recycle the e-waste and plastics. â€Å" Are at that place green constabularies? Not truly, † Kyle says, adding provinces are n't implementing the prohibitions by look intoing a family ‘s refuse. Rather, she says the end is to educate the populace. â€Å" This material decidedly does non belong in the rubbish. † ( Koch, Wendy ) . Congress has developed a new measure they are seeking to go through that will censor the exports of e-waste to other states and do the U.S recycle its ain waste. We already have a jurisprudence that merely allows companies to direct their old electronics to where they were made to be refurbished and the export jurisprudence will be following. Some people say it is a bad thought to censor the exports of e-waste that these 3rd universe states need the occupations but I think more significantly we do it ourselves to do certain it is being done decently and it will besides make new occupations for the aching economic system. Under the Responsible Electronics Recycling Act, e-waste prohibited from export would include equipment incorporating cathode beam tubings, quicksilver lamps and switches, and batteries made from lead, Cd or quicksilver. The measure would let the non-toxic metal, glass and plastic constituents from electronics to be shipped to developing states for recycling ( Petru ) . Along with these new prohibitions comes more offense from backyard recycling and smuggling e-waste to other states. While China officially banned imports of end-of-life electronics in 2002, smuggling has replaced official trade and electronics reportedly continues to flux into the state much as before the prohibition. Significant sums of end-of-electronics are still exported from Europe, partially through internal trade within Europe to countries with slack enforcement ( Williams ) . The existent job lies with our society today going more and more electronic based and no sight in hereafter of our e-waste ingestion traveling down. A But research shows that by around 2016, the developing universe will bring forth more waste computing machines than the developed universe. Global volumes of computing machine e-waste are expected to treble between 2010 and 2025 and by around 2025, the developing universe will bring forth duplicate the developed universe ‘s waste computing machines. Not surprisingly, developing Asia, due to its high population and rapid growing, is a major subscriber to this future waste watercourse ( Williams, Eric ) . This is the major job our hereafter will be utilizing even more electronics so our society today and we will necessitate to hold a solution for e-waste or we will be an highly contaminated universe. Cited Work â€Å" Cleaning Up Electronic Waste | International Programs | US EPA. † US Environmental Protection Agency. N.p. , n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epa.gov/international/toxics/ewaste/index.html & gt ; . â€Å" E-Waste Problem. † Entire Reclaim. N.p. , n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.totalreclaim.com/e-waste_problem.html & gt ; . â€Å" Ten Lessons Learned From State E-waste Laws. † Electronicss Take Back Coalition. N.p. , n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. & lt ; www.electronicstakeback.com/wp-content/uploads/Lessons-Learned-from-State-E-waste-laws.pdf & gt ; . Koch, Wendy. â€Å" More provinces ban disposal of electronics in landfills – USATODAY.com. â€Å" A USA Today: Latest World and US News – USATODAY.com. USA TODAY, 18 Dec. 2011. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/story/2011-12-18/electronics-recycling/52055158/1 & gt ; . Petru, Alexis. â€Å" Will Congress Ban Toxic E-Waste Trade? – Earth911.com. â€Å" Earth911.com – Find Where and How to Recycle. N.p. , 16 July 2011. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //earth911.com/news/2011/07/06/will-congress-ban-toxic-e-waste-trade/ & gt ; . Williams, Eric. â€Å" 3 Reasons Why a Prohibition on E-waste Exports is Incorrect: Discovery News. â€Å" A Discovery News: Earth, Space, Tech, Animals, History, Adventure, Human, Autos. N.p. , 10 Sept. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //news.discovery.com/tech/three-reasons-ban-on-ewaste-is-wrong.html & gt ; .